What describes involuntary emotional reactions linked to stimuli?

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) refers to the emotional reactions that are triggered by a specific stimulus as a result of associative learning. In this context, an animal may develop a negative emotional response to a situation, person, or environment because it has learned to associate that stimulus with a previously experienced distressing event. For example, if a dog had a bad experience at a veterinary clinic, it might develop a conditioned emotional response that leads to fear or anxiety whenever it encounters similar environments or situations, even if no immediate threat is present.

This concept is crucial in the Fear Free movement because it highlights the importance of understanding how negative past experiences can influence an animal's behavior and emotional state. By recognizing the role of CER, veterinary professionals can take steps to mitigate fear and anxiety, creating a more positive experience for both the animal and its owner. Understanding CER allows for the development of strategies aimed at desensitizing animals to feared stimuli through positive associations, ultimately improving their emotional well-being during veterinary visits.