What is the term for an outcome that increases the frequency of a behavior?

The term that describes an outcome that increases the frequency of a behavior is reinforcement. In the context of behavior modification, reinforcement refers to any stimulus or event that follows a behavior and strengthens that behavior, making it more likely to occur in the future. This can occur through the addition of something pleasant (positive reinforcement) or the removal of something unpleasant (negative reinforcement).

Understanding reinforcement is crucial in training and behavior management, especially in a veterinary setting, where creating positive experiences can help alleviate fear and anxiety in animals. For example, when a pet receives treats for remaining calm during an examination, this positive reinforcement encourages them to behave similarly in future situations.

The other terms relate to different processes. Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior, extinction refers to the diminishing of a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided, and distraction is a technique used to redirect an animal's focus but does not inherently modify the frequency of the original behavior.