What should be monitored to assess signs of anxiety in dogs?

Monitoring body language is crucial when assessing signs of anxiety in dogs because dogs communicate their feelings largely through their physical posture and movements. Subtle changes in body language can indicate discomfort or stress. Signs of anxiety may include a lowered head, tucked tail, flattened ears, crouching, or other stances that signal fear or discomfort. Understanding these visual cues allows caretakers and veterinary staff to recognize when a dog is feeling anxious and to employ appropriate fear-free practices to help alleviate that anxiety.

While texture of fur, eating habits, and vocalizations can provide additional insights into a dog's overall health and wellbeing, body language is the most direct and immediate indicator of a dog's emotional state, especially regarding anxiety.