What type of behavior indicates uncertainty or fear in animals?

Conflict behavior is a clear indicator of uncertainty or fear in animals. This type of behavior occurs when an animal experiences mixed signals about how to respond to a situation, leading to indecision or anxiety. Examples of conflict behavior include pacing, lip licking, avoidance, and shifting body postures. These behaviors express the animal's internal struggle between wanting to explore or engage with a person or environment and the instinct to retreat or protect itself due to perceived threats.

In contrast, playful behavior reflects a state of comfort and enjoyment rather than fear. Aggressive behavior can sometimes stem from fear, but it is primarily a defense mechanism rather than an outright expression of uncertainty. Exploratory behavior showcases curiosity and tends to occur when an animal feels secure enough to investigate its surroundings without apprehension. Thus, conflict behavior is the most indicative of fear and uncertainty, helping to identify when an animal may need reassurance or a different approach to ensure their comfort.