Which training method involves rewarding a specific behavior to increase its occurrence?

Positive reinforcement is a training method that specifically involves providing a reward following a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. This approach is grounded in the principles of behavior modification and is effective because it encourages the animal to repeat the behavior associated with a pleasant outcome.

For example, if a pet sits on command and is immediately rewarded with a treat or praise, the reinforcement makes it more probable that the pet will sit on command again in the future. This method focuses on building a positive association and motivation for the animal, which is crucial in establishing trust and reducing anxiety in veterinary settings.

The other training methods, while related, do not specifically emphasize the use of rewards to strengthen behavior. Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a desired behavior, operant conditioning is a broader term that encompasses both positive and negative reinforcement as well as punishment, while classical conditioning focuses on associating an involuntary response with a stimulus rather than training voluntary behaviors through rewards.